Like many car dealerships around the country, Toyota Sunnyvale, a seller of preowned Toyota models, is almost entirely an asphalt parking lot. There’s also a showroom and sales office, and an extensive back section for maintenance and repairs. But primarily the space is a big lot full of cars.

With property values on the rise in this part of California, smack in the middle of Silicon Valley, a huge lot of used cars is no longer the most economic use of the land. “The underlying value of the property overwhelms the potential value of the franchise,” says Adam Simms, whose company, Price Simms Auto Group, operates the Toyota dealership in Sunnyvale and several others throughout the Bay Area.

“The single-story model of a showroom, a service department, and display lot is becoming cost-prohibitive, even for some of the best brands in America,” Simms says. “So it forces us to think about how we maintain a presence in these expensive markets where there’s a lot of car business to be had and still make the economics work at the dealership level.”One solution is to make the land do more. Simms’s company is now in the process of redeveloping the site into housing, a much-needed resource in the heart of the bustling tech industry. But the dealership isn’t going anywhere. Instead, the two uses are being combined, with the car dealership housed at ground level and an 88-unit apartment building slated to sit above it. It’s a new type of mixed-use development that may become even more common in the years to come.

“We certainly have an affordable housing shortage here in Northern California, and we can’t build fast enough to meet the needs of the market,” Simms says. “So if we can leverage that problem with a solution as well as use that to support our retailing position, it just makes sense to bring them both together.”

 

Dahlin Group, an architecture, and planning firm with offices in California and Washington, is designing the Sunnyvale project. John Thatch, the firm’s director of design, says this is one of several car dealership conversion projects the firm is working on, and that as cities densify, more dealerships and other types of retail will likely begin to think about similar conversions.

“A lot of the old retail sites, basically they’re just old. And they’re being replaced, whether by other buildings or by the internet,” Thatch says. Increasingly, retail sites like car dealerships are located in the parts of cities that are seeing new demand for housing and mixed-use development. “So that’s a big area that excites me,” Thatch says. “We take these spaces that are parking lots and we create mixed-use projects and we bring people in and make this world more walkable.”

These kinds of projects make clear sense for the car dealers, who get the financial benefit of redevelopment. But they make even more sense for cities, which see new housing rise in connected commercial areas while still retaining the dealership and the tax revenue from its sales of high-priced cars.

The Sunnyvale project will reconfigure the Toyota dealership to have its showroom and sales offices on the ground floor and a mezzanine, with maintenance and repair facilities in the basement, a few floors of parking above, and a four-story apartment complex on top. The footprint of the site, mostly asphalt at present, will soon become almost completely built out. There will even be space for five single-family homes at the back of the site.

Architecturally, the challenge is to make these two different uses coexist. “I think a big part for us is how to create distinct entries for both,” Thatch says. There’s also the issue of noise, which he says was solved in this project by putting the maintenance facilities in the basement, and buffering it from the residences with a few levels of parking. The project also raised some other unexpected questions, like how to orient courtyards for residents so they don’t feel like they’re overlapping with the commercial side of the project.“How do we bring all of that stuff together? It’s a new challenge,” Thatch says. “I think it’s an interesting concept to really create housing, another way to do mixed-use, another way to bring people and energy to an area. Around the world, there are examples of this, but it’s sort of hitting the suburbs that are starting to densify.”

Thatch says approval on the project is expected to come soon, and construction could begin within the year. For Simms, this is just the start. He says plans are in the works to convert two or three of his other dealership locations. “It’s out of necessity,” he says, citing the rising land values in the Bay Area. “But it goes from necessity to opportunity.”